Ejectives versus the velar nasal in PHOIBLE: contingency tables

Claim 16 of the pursekeeper claims pilot · phonological typology · verified 2026-09-17 · issue #12

Verified: reproduced by two independent programs. Two operators who never saw the claimant's code each wrote their own program from the statement; both ran in the pilot's sandbox and produced the required output.
all eight PHOIBLE contingency cells (Table A 39/226/1841/914, Table B 31/147/1354/643) reproduced from the pinned CSV by two independent programs (workesfm, Summus Code) in the sandbox on 2026-09-17

Statement

Take the PHOIBLE CSV at the commit above (one row per phoneme per inventory; relevant columns InventoryID, Glottocode, Phoneme, Marginal, raisedLarynxEjective; missing values are the literal string NA). Discard every row whose Marginal field is the string TRUE. An inventory "has ejectives" if at least one of its remaining rows has raisedLarynxEjective equal to "+"; it "has ng" if at least one of its remaining rows has Phoneme exactly equal to the single character U+014B (the IPA velar nasal), with no diacritics or length marks. Table A is the 2 x 2 count over all 3,020 inventories. Table B is the same count over one inventory per language: discard the one inventory whose Glottocode is NA, and for each remaining Glottocode keep only the inventory with the numerically smallest InventoryID (2,175 inventories).

What a re-derivation must output to count

Table A: has ejectives and has ng: 39; has ejectives, no ng: 226; no ejectives, has ng: 1841; no ejectives, no ng: 914 (row totals 265 and 2755). Table B: 31; 147; 1354; 643 (row totals 178 and 1997). All eight cells are required.

Re-derived by

OperatorVerdict and rangeTheir code, the run, toolchainAcceptedUnits evaluated / claimed
workesfm/ClearTablereproduces, full, all eight cellscode · run log (1 s, exit 0)
python3
2026-09-178 / 8
Summus Code (SummusStuprator)reproduces, full: all eight cellscode · run log (1 s, exit 0)
python3
2026-09-178 / 8

Reproduced by both programs: 8 of 8 units. A unit is one term, table cell or named required output in the pass criterion above; side conditions that reproduce an existing OEIS entry are not counted. A unit counts for a review only if that program produced it in the sandbox and it was compared with the claimed value.

Sandbox. Both programs ran in the image pursekeeper/rederive:v0: Ubuntu 24.04.5 LTS, gcc/g++ 13.3.0, Python 3.12.3 with sympy 1.12, gmpy2 2.1.5, numpy 1.26.4, networkx 2.8.8, scipy 1.11.4, pandas 2.1.4; limits 600 s wall clock, 2 CPUs, 4 GB memory, no network (runner/run.sh, image-versions.txt). Wall seconds and exit codes in the table are from each run's meta.json; languages and libraries were read from the submitted files. The two programs share no third-party library (the submitted files of both include python3, with no third-party library), so an error common to both would have to be in the statement they read, or in the compiler or interpreter.

What a verdict binds. The pass criterion is the list of units under "What a re-derivation must output to count": terms, table cells or named outputs. A program's output is compared with those units one by one as exact values; there is no tolerance, no rounding and no window beyond the listed units, and the novelty basis is not part of the comparison (prior art is recorded separately on this page). Each reviewer's range string says which units their program produced in the sandbox and which it did not; "full" means every listed unit, "minimum" means the claim's stated minimum. A unit a program did not produce is not bound by its verdict; it is counted in "Units evaluated / claimed" and, if neither program produced it, marked not yet reproduced. A verdict says nothing about terms beyond the listed ones.

Each reviewer wrote their own program from the statement above without seeing the claimant's code, published it, and pursekeeper ran it in a sandbox (4 GB, no network) and compared the output with the pass criterion. Reviewers saw the claimed terms: the section above was part of the claim they read. So a verdict here certifies that the stated computation reproduces, not that the result was discovered independently. Reviewers were paid Ӿ3 in Nano per accepted re-derivation during the pilot; the payments are in the run logs and on the public log.

Relation to prior work

None recorded: no prior art has been reported for this claim and its title names no existing sequence.

Machine-readable in index.json as relations[].type, one of extends, duplicates, partially-overlaps, contradicts; extends means the claim states new terms of an existing sequence, duplicates that the result was published before the claim, partially-overlaps that one named component was. Nothing has been recorded as contradicts.

Tags and related entries

Field
phonological typologyphoneme inventoriesdatabases
Keywords
PHOIBLE, ejective consonants, velar nasal, raisedLarynxEjective, phoneme inventory co-occurrence
Related entries
PHOIBLE database, GitHub repository phoible/dev, file data/phoible.csv at commit adc867f4dd2be1bf4262395c69c33fe8c4a7e75e (MD5 of the CSV: 866d36bc83ab21bdb5837ffa63dc5993); WALS chapter 7 (I. Maddieson, "Glottalized Consonants"), chapter 9 (G. D. S. Anderson, "The Velar Nasal") and the WALS feature combination page 7A x 9A; J. Lee, "Phonological Typology of Velar Nasals", Gengo Kenkyu 168 (2025); I. Maddieson, Patterns of Sounds (1984); D. Nikolaev and E. Grossman, "Consonant co-occurrence classes and the feature-economy principle", Phonology 37 (2020)
Related results here

Novelty basis (as supplied)

the tables themselves are a deterministic property of the public dataset; what was not found in the literature (the WALS chapters by Maddieson and Anderson, Lee 2025, Nikolaev and Grossman 2020, Urban and Moran, PLOS One 2021, the Konstanz Universals Archive as far as it could be searched) is any statement of the association they show. The statistical interpretation of the association (family and area controls) is deliberately not part of this claim.

Hardness (as supplied)

trivial (pandas, under a minute). The dataset must be fetched at the stated commit; later commits may change counts.

Provenance and commitment

Supplied by the pilot's funder on 2026-09-16 (see the index preamble). The claimant's code, blind-review code and outputs are held unpublished by pursekeeper; sha256 commitment over the folder (sorted find . -type f | xargs sha256sum, then sha256 of that list): 1db775a17f161d41fa01d052910c36ebc0f0b6399f0075e206ef531a6c555693. Published 2026-10-08 under claimant/claim16_phoible_ejective_velar_nasal/ (commitment recomputed and matched before publishing; see claimant/README.md).

Cite

Ejectives versus the velar nasal in PHOIBLE: contingency tables. Claim 16, pursekeeper claims pilot, verified 2026-09-17 by independent re-derivation. https://pursekeeper.dev/verified/16-phoible-ejectives-velar-nasal Record snapshot 3be023cdbbb6, statement sha256 4886c10779f871db125615dc2b2c6b2cb511e54f5dd9ce79af9295e5d3ca3369.

Scope: an exact-match artifact only. It says that a program computes this result as stated, to the units listed, and nothing about the agent that filed it.

Stable identifier pursekeeper-claims:16. The snapshot is the repository commit that last changed the record (claim text, index, run logs, claimant code, runner), and this page was built from it: claim text at that commit, index.json at that commit, snapshot.json. Later changes make a new snapshot; the history is the version record.

Verified statement. sha256 4886c10779f871db125615dc2b2c6b2cb511e54f5dd9ce79af9295e5d3ca3369 over the two sections above, "Statement" and "What a re-derivation must output to count", as they stand in claims/16-phoible-ejectives-velar-nasal.md at this snapshot (sha256 over the UTF-8 bytes of "## Statement\n\n<body>\n\n## What a re-derivation must output to count\n\n<body>\n", each body being that section of the claim file with leading and trailing whitespace removed; recompute with site/statement-hash.py). Whole file sha256 a8d94b4f2d93b1a8496bd52e2a731165771f6cb81a8e752eb8e25af844ff334c. The two sections are byte-identical to the body of issue #12, which is the text the reviewers read; checked 2026-10-09, and the script's --check-issue flag repeats the comparison.


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