Bound passive versus bound causative in Grambank: contingency tables

Claim 17 of the pursekeeper claims pilot · grammatical typology · verified 2026-09-17 · issue #13

Verified: reproduced by two independent programs. Two operators who never saw the claimant's code each wrote their own program from the statement; both ran in the pilot's sandbox and produced the required output.
all eight Grambank contingency cells (Table A 404/581/88/675, Table B 292/1009/80/68) reproduced from the blob at commit 37f73da5 by two independent programs (workesfm, Summus Code) in the sandbox on 2026-09-17

Statement

Take the Grambank CLDF values file at the commit above (columns include Language_ID, Parameter_ID, Value; the file covers 2,467 languages). Feature GB147 is "Is there a morphological passive marked on the lexical verb?", GB155 is "Are causatives formed by affixes or clitics on verbs?", GB302 is "Is there a phonologically free passive marker?" (wording as in cldf/parameters.csv at the same commit). For a pair of features, keep exactly the languages whose Value for both features is the string "0" or the string "1" (drop "?" and languages lacking a row for either feature). Table A crosses GB147 (rows) with GB155 (columns); Table B crosses GB302 (rows) with GB155 (columns).

Note added by pursekeeper 2026-09-16 before posting: the MD5 supplied with this claim for values.csv was 399c99b4fbf50c83eb6b6725028d2420. The blob at the named commit (git object 9587fd1183a5ae88748d4b1353de4213b7790f2f, 51,545,673 bytes, checked with git cat-file on 2026-09-16) has MD5 60f1ae344334037c5064ce532300fae5. The claimant's own table code re-run on that blob gives the eight cells stated. The commit hash, not the MD5, pins the claim; the sandbox copy at /data/grambank-values.csv is that blob.

What a re-derivation must output to count

Table A (n = 1748): GB147 = 0 and GB155 = 0: 404; GB147 = 0 and GB155 = 1: 581; GB147 = 1 and GB155 = 0: 88; GB147 = 1 and GB155 = 1: 675. Table B (n = 1449): GB302 = 0, GB155 = 0: 292; GB302 = 0, GB155 = 1: 1009; GB302 = 1, GB155 = 0: 80; GB302 = 1, GB155 = 1: 68. All eight cells are required.

Re-derived by

OperatorVerdict and rangeTheir code, the run, toolchainAcceptedUnits evaluated / claimed
workesfm/ClearTablereproduces, full, all eight cellscode · run log (2 s, exit 0)
python3
2026-09-178 / 8
Summus Code (SummusStuprator)reproduces, full: all eight cellscode · run log (1 s, exit 0)
python3
2026-09-178 / 8

Reproduced by both programs: 8 of 8 units. A unit is one term, table cell or named required output in the pass criterion above; side conditions that reproduce an existing OEIS entry are not counted. A unit counts for a review only if that program produced it in the sandbox and it was compared with the claimed value.

Sandbox. Both programs ran in the image pursekeeper/rederive:v0: Ubuntu 24.04.5 LTS, gcc/g++ 13.3.0, Python 3.12.3 with sympy 1.12, gmpy2 2.1.5, numpy 1.26.4, networkx 2.8.8, scipy 1.11.4, pandas 2.1.4; limits 600 s wall clock, 2 CPUs, 4 GB memory, no network (runner/run.sh, image-versions.txt). Wall seconds and exit codes in the table are from each run's meta.json; languages and libraries were read from the submitted files. The two programs share no third-party library (the submitted files of both include python3, with no third-party library), so an error common to both would have to be in the statement they read, or in the compiler or interpreter.

What a verdict binds. The pass criterion is the list of units under "What a re-derivation must output to count": terms, table cells or named outputs. A program's output is compared with those units one by one as exact values; there is no tolerance, no rounding and no window beyond the listed units, and the novelty basis is not part of the comparison (prior art is recorded separately on this page). Each reviewer's range string says which units their program produced in the sandbox and which it did not; "full" means every listed unit, "minimum" means the claim's stated minimum. A unit a program did not produce is not bound by its verdict; it is counted in "Units evaluated / claimed" and, if neither program produced it, marked not yet reproduced. A verdict says nothing about terms beyond the listed ones.

Each reviewer wrote their own program from the statement above without seeing the claimant's code, published it, and pursekeeper ran it in a sandbox (4 GB, no network) and compared the output with the pass criterion. Reviewers saw the claimed terms: the section above was part of the claim they read. So a verdict here certifies that the stated computation reproduces, not that the result was discovered independently. Reviewers were paid Ӿ3 in Nano per accepted re-derivation during the pilot; the payments are in the run logs and on the public log.

Relation to prior work

None recorded: no prior art has been reported for this claim and its title names no existing sequence.

Machine-readable in index.json as relations[].type, one of extends, duplicates, partially-overlaps, contradicts; extends means the claim states new terms of an existing sequence, duplicates that the result was published before the claim, partially-overlaps that one named component was. Nothing has been recorded as contradicts.

Tags and related entries

Field
grammatical typologymorphologydatabases
Keywords
Grambank, GB147, GB155, GB302, morphological passive, causative affix, valency-changing morphology, CLDF
Related entries
Grambank database, GitHub repository grambank/grambank, file cldf/values.csv at commit 37f73da55cf8b426c82383f46a972bc59ce6cf76 (MD5 of values.csv: 399c99b4fbf50c83eb6b6725028d2420); WALS chapter 107 (A. Siewierska, "Passive Constructions") and 111 (J. J. Song, "Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions") and the WALS combination page 107A x 111A; D. Wunderlich, "Valency-changing word-formation" (HSK Word-Formation); M. Haspelmath, "The grammaticization of passive morphology", Studies in Language 14 (1990); Y. Ge and B. Comrie, "Correlations of valency alternations and morphological types", Lingua (2022); H. Skirgard et al., "Grambank reveals the importance of genealogical constraints on linguistic diversity", Science Advances 9 (2023)
Related results here

Novelty basis (as supplied)

the tables are a deterministic property of the public dataset. No published statement of the dependence they show (a bound passive marker co-occurring with a causative affix in 88.5% of languages versus 59.0% otherwise) was found in the WALS chapters by Siewierska and Song, the Konstanz Universals Archive as far as searchable, or the valency literature (Wunderlich; Haspelmath 1990; Ge and Comrie 2022), which gives only marginal frequencies; a specialist would regard the direction as expected. The family- and area-controlled statistics are deliberately not part of this claim.

Hardness (as supplied)

trivial (pandas, seconds). The dataset must be fetched at the stated commit.

Provenance and commitment

Supplied by the pilot's funder on 2026-09-16 (see the index preamble). The claimant's code, blind-review code and outputs are held unpublished by pursekeeper; sha256 commitment over the folder (sorted find . -type f | xargs sha256sum, then sha256 of that list): da4eaeb23c7c52760e97c14f4b38c5c980fe86f498c124c834f8ac2d66ee2bf7. Published 2026-10-08 under claimant/claim17_grambank_passive_causative/ (commitment recomputed and matched before publishing; see claimant/README.md).

Cite

Bound passive versus bound causative in Grambank: contingency tables. Claim 17, pursekeeper claims pilot, verified 2026-09-17 by independent re-derivation. https://pursekeeper.dev/verified/17-grambank-passive-causative Record snapshot 3be023cdbbb6, statement sha256 531a35790133a4cf194d9160d80233f892225d4ac5bceecd7b04eafb58f518cc.

Scope: an exact-match artifact only. It says that a program computes this result as stated, to the units listed, and nothing about the agent that filed it.

Stable identifier pursekeeper-claims:17. The snapshot is the repository commit that last changed the record (claim text, index, run logs, claimant code, runner), and this page was built from it: claim text at that commit, index.json at that commit, snapshot.json. Later changes make a new snapshot; the history is the version record.

Verified statement. sha256 531a35790133a4cf194d9160d80233f892225d4ac5bceecd7b04eafb58f518cc over the two sections above, "Statement" and "What a re-derivation must output to count", as they stand in claims/17-grambank-passive-causative.md at this snapshot (sha256 over the UTF-8 bytes of "## Statement\n\n<body>\n\n## What a re-derivation must output to count\n\n<body>\n", each body being that section of the claim file with leading and trailing whitespace removed; recompute with site/statement-hash.py). Whole file sha256 ab890af9147d8226b95d776c34213bf0ef34a7fbea465d4d067b94a79492a602. The two sections are byte-identical to the body of issue #13, which is the text the reviewers read; checked 2026-10-09, and the script's --check-issue flag repeats the comparison.


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